Socially optimal electric driving range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

This study determines the optimal electric driving range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) that minimizes the daily cost borne by the society when using this technology. An optimization framework is developed and applied to datasets representing the US market. Results indicate that the optimal range is 16 miles with an average social cost of $3.19 per day when exclusively charging at home, compared to $3.27 per day of driving a conventional vehicle. The optimal range is found to be sensitive to the cost of battery packs and the price of gasoline. When workplace charging is available, the optimal electric driving range surprisingly increases from 16 to 22 miles, as larger batteries would allow drivers to better take advantage of the charging opportunities to achieve longer electrified travel distances, yielding social cost savings. If workplace charging is available, the optimal density is to deploy a workplace charger for every 3.66 vehicles. Moreover, the diversification of the battery size, i.e., introducing a pair and triple of electric driving ranges to the market, could further decrease the average societal cost per PHEV by 7.45% and 11.5% respectively.     

环保客车发展面临的机遇与挑战

着重分析了目前汽车排放污染的严重性，并从能源结构调整和环保两大意义上阐述了发展环保型客车的必要性。目前的形势给环保型客车的发展带来很好的机遇，同时，由于我国环保客车技术尚未成熟，很多技术上的问题亟待解决。     

试论如何拓宽高校毕业生就业门路

近年来,高校毕业生"就业难"现象日趋严重,本文结合广西区内某高校实际,论述了该高校在拓宽毕业生就业门路问题上的主要经验和做法。首先,通过各种方法,苦练基本功,内强素质;其次,结合学生实际,开展全方位全程化的就业指导;最后,通过各种渠道,开展校企合作,充分发掘和利用校友资源,为本校毕业生创造最优的就业环境。     

Network equilibrium models with battery electric vehicles

The limited driving ranges, the scarcity of recharging stations and potentially long battery recharging or swapping time inevitably affect route choices of drivers of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). When traveling between their origins and destinations, this paper assumes that BEV drivers select routes and decide battery recharging plans to minimize their trip times or costs while making sure to complete their trips without running out of charge. With different considerations of flow dependency of energy consumption of BEVs and recharging time, three mathematical models are formulated to describe the resulting network equilibrium flow distributions on regional or metropolitan road networks. Solution algorithms are proposed to solve these models efficiently. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the models and solution algorithms.     

中国港口投资经济环境与机遇分析

本文从港口腹地、区域经济发展状况和港口城市影响力三个层面分析了我国港口投资环境,并主要从投资机遇的角度分析了我国主要港口群,对政府和企业投资我国港口进行决策具有一定的参考价值。     

采用SWOT法分析港口一体化背景下宁德港的发展战略

采用SWOT分析法,分析了宁德港自身的优势和劣势,面临的机遇和挑战。提出了新形势下如何规避风险、加快发展的战略决策的设想。目的在于在改革开放形势下,在福州港、宁德港实施一体化的背景下,实现"1+1>2"的改革效应。     

货流分布的竞争机会模型

本文对国内外常用的交通分布模型进行了评析，指出了增长系数和重力模型所存在的缺点和问题。并通过货流分布规律的研究，提出了货流分布的竞争机会模型。     

建设世界城市给北京市交通管理工作带来的机遇与挑战

北京建设世界城市目标的提出,为交通管理工作搭建了全新平台。世界城市具有国际金融中心、决策控制中心、国际活动聚集地、信息发布中心和高端人才聚集中心等显著特征,这些特征的达成为交通管理工作提出了更高要求,为一些长期存在的交通难点提供了破解契机。从机遇与挑战两个方面加以分析,具体提出了一些应对策略,以期对世界城市交通管理发展战略研究有所裨益。     

城市轨道交通绿色低碳发展策略

城轨交通是大容量公共交通的基础设施,是城市引导承载低碳出行的骨干交通方式,当前,我国城轨交通 仍处于快速发展阶段,并继续保持增长态势,其能源消耗和碳减排压力仍将与日俱增。在对我国城轨交通发展机遇、 发展现状、工作基础和面临问题分析的基础上,提出城轨交通绿色低碳发展的目标、重点任务和策略,为城轨交通 加快绿色低碳转型、挖掘节能减排潜力、提高能效水平、推进城轨行业做好“碳达峰、碳中和”工作提供借鉴。     

Deploying public charging stations for electric vehicles on urban road networks

This paper explores how to optimally locate public charging stations for electric vehicles on a road network, considering drivers’ spontaneous adjustments and interactions of travel and recharging decisions. The proposed approach captures the interdependency of different trips conducted by the same driver by examining the complete tour of the driver. Given the limited driving range and recharging needs of battery electric vehicles, drivers of electric vehicles are assumed to simultaneously determine tour paths and recharging plans to minimize their travel and recharging time while guaranteeing not running out of charge before completing their tours. Moreover, different initial states of charge of batteries and risk-taking attitudes of drivers toward the uncertainty of energy consumption are considered. The resulting multi-class network equilibrium flow pattern is described by a mathematical program, which is solved by an iterative procedure. Based on the proposed equilibrium framework, the charging station location problem is then formulated as a bi-level mathematical program and solved by a genetic-algorithm-based procedure. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the models and provide insights on public charging infrastructure deployment and behaviors of electric vehicles.